‘Lucy’ ivugwaho kuba inkomoko ya muntu ngo yaba yarazize guhanuka mu giti!

Mu mwaka wa 1974, afatanyije n’itsinda yari ayoboye, umuhanga mu byataburuwe mu matongo, Prof Donald C. Johanson bavumbuye amagufa y’igisabantu (primate) bise Lucy (kuko ngo cyari ikigore) muri Ethiopia. Abahanga bamaze iminsi biga ku cyaba cyarahitanye iki gisabantu gifatwa nk’inkomoko ya muntu, bavuga ko amagufa yacyo agaragaza ko cyaba cyaravunitse gihanutse mu giti.

Aba bahanga bavuga ko ubwo havumburwaga amagufa y’iki gisabantu, yari ari mu mwanya wacyo ku kigero cya 40%, bakavuga ko ibi bitangaje ku kinyabuzima cyapfuye mu myaka irenga miliyoni eshatu.

Iki gisabantu kirazwi cyane mu bahanga mu by’amateka y’inkomoko ya muntu, kuko hari n’abavuga ko gishobora kuba ari yo nkomoko y’umuntu.

Lucy ngo basanze yari mu bwoko bw’ibisabantu abahanga bita ‘Australopithecus afarensis’ bibarirwa mu bya kera cyane kurusha ibindi.

Muri iyi myaka 43 ishize, amagufa y’iki gisabantu kizwi nka ‘Lucy’ avumbuwe, abahanga bakunze kwibaza ari nako bakomeza gushakisha icyaba cyaragihitanye.

Prof John Kappelman wigisha muri Kaminuza ya Texas, Ausin, aherutse gutangariza ikinyamakuru USA Today ko we n’itsinda rye basesenguye imiterere y’amagufa ya Lucy bagasanga afite ibikomere.

Aba bahanga bemeza ko ibi bikomere byabaye intandaro y’urupfu rwa Lucy, bavuga ko ibi bikomere byagaragaraga ku magufa y’iki gisabantu byerekana ko cyavunitse bikomeye ubwo cyahanukaga mu giti kigakubita ibizigira ku kintu gikomeye bikakiviramo indwara yagihitanye.

Uyu muhanga na bagenzi be bafashe amagufa agize kimwe cya kabiri cy’igikanka cya Lucy bapima amagufa akigize bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa baza gusanga iki gisabantu cyaravunitse mu rugero rwakiriyemo gupfa.

Iyo witegereje amagufa ya Lucy harimo ay’ibirenge, amavi n’ayo mu mayunguyungu, usanga ateye nk’ay’abantu. Ku rundi ruhande ariko Lucy ngo yari afite umutwe muto urimo ubwonko nk’ubw’ingagi.

Abahanga bavuga ko amenyo n’igikanka bya Lucy  usanga, bigaragaza ko yakuze vuba ndetse n’amagufa agakomera vuba, dore ko yari afite hafi metero n’igice z’uburebure n’ibiro hafi 60.

Iki gisabantu cyapfuye gifite imyaka hagati ya 16 na 17 y’ubukure. Abahanga bo muri Kaminuza ya Texas, bavuga ko mu magufa ya Lucy basuzumye harimo ay’umutwe, imbavu z’iburyo, amagufa yo mu ntugu, ayo ku birenge n’ay’amaguru.

John Kappelman yavuze ko basanze amagufa ya Lucy yo ku ntugu n’ayo mu kaboko yari yaravunitse mu buryo bugaragara. Mu gusuzuma bakoreshe ubuhanga bwa mudasobwa bita CT (Computed Tomography).

Bavuga ko nyuma yo kuvunika, amagufa ya Lucy atigeze yongera gusubirana nk’uko bigenda ku magufa y’abantu bavunitse bakiri bato.

Aba bahanga bemeza ko kuvunika kwa Lucy ari yo ntandaro y’urupfu rwayo, bavuga ko yapfuye mu gihe yari imaze igihe gito ivunitse.

Aba bahanga banze gufata umwanzuro batitabaje abaganga b’amagufa, ubwo babazaga bababwiye ko amagufa y’iki gisabantu yaavunitse mu buryo bwuzuye buzwi na ‘fracture oseuse totale’ mu gifaransa, ndetse ko nta kigaragaza ko yigeze yongera gusubirana.

Koppelman yemeza ko kuvunika kw’amagufa ya Lucy byatewe no guhanuka mu giti kirekire akikubita hafi abanje igihimba ku kintu gikomeye (nk’urutare) bigatuma amagufa ye avunika cyane.

Uyu mwarimu n’abandi bashakashatsi basuzumye kandi ibindi bice by’amagufa ya Lucy bakoresheje ubuhanga bwa 3D, basanga hari ibindi bice by’amagufa byangiritse bitewe no guhanuka ahantu harehare.

Kubera ko amagufa y’intugu zombi yavunitse, bigaragara ko yashakaga kwiramira ubwo yahanukaga bityo kikavunika cyane.

Ibi kandi byerekana ko iki gisabantu cyari kizi ubwenge ku buryo cyabonaga ko byashoboraga kugishyira mu kaaga bigatuma gishaka kwiramira ubwo cyagwaga ariko bikaba iby’ubusa kuko byakiviriyemo gupfa.

Ibindi bisobanuro byari byaratanzwe n’abandi bahanga ku rupfu rwa Lucy nta na hamwe bigeze bakomoza ku mvune yayo dore ko hari abavuze ko Lucy yaba yarakubiswe n’inkuba, abandi ko yishwe n’inyamaswa, abandi bakavuga umwuzure.

N’ubwo Prof Koppelman yameza ibi, Dr Donald C. Johanson wavumbuye igikanka cya Lucy ntiyemeranya n’ibi byatangajwe ko Lucy yaba yarishwe n’imvune yagize ihanutse mu giti.

Dr Donald yabwiye The New York Times ko mu gihe cyo kubaho kwa Lucy n’ibindi bisabantu, nta bumenyi byari bafite ku buryo byari kurira ibiti kuko ibyo kurya byabikuraga ku butaka aho gutungwa no gusoroma imbuto.

Jean Pierre NIZEYIMANA
UM– USEKE.RW